I was able to reproduce this on a 3.0.0 site that I upgraded from 2.x. The site is using pdoParser.
While I can’t explain the behavior, I’ve noticed that it seems to be related to the colon in the URL.
E.g., this code breaks:
[[*id:is=`243`:then=`<img src="http://via.placeholder.com/150">`:else=`This is not that`]]
Output:
<img src="http://via.placeholder.com/150">`:else=`
But this code works:
[[*id:is=`243`:then=`<img src="//via.placeholder.com/150">`:else=`This is not that`]]
Output:
<img src="//via.placeholder.com/150">